With an understanding of these concepts, you too, will be able to treat that secret agent who is trying to kill himself (or herself) before they reveal the secret plans. This is complicated by the lack of a readily available assay and the variability of available antidotes. The management of cyanide poisoning requires firstly the identification of patients who may be at risk of cyanide poisoning and the selection of antidotes. Hydroxocobalamin is widely used in Europe but only has limited availability in North America and Australia. CYANIDE ANTIDOTE KIT Sodium Nitrite Injection 300 MG / 10 ML, Sodium Thiosulphate Injection 12.5 G / 50 ML & Amyl Nitrite Inhalant 0. In North America amyl nitrate pearls for inhalation can also used be used. In Australia dicobalt edetate IV, sodium nitrite IV and sodium thiosulfate are available. The availability of antidotes to cyanide poisoning varies around the world. Another source of cyanide includes the combustion of wool, silk, synthetic rubber and polyurethane. Deliberate contamination of medications and food has occurred recently. Antidote Cyanokit (Hydroxocobalamin) 1st line therapy Give empirically if cyanide poisoning is suspected Mechanism of action. The nitrites cause the formation of methemoglobinemia, scavenging both cyanide and hydrogen sulfide. Suicides are the commonest cause of cyanide poisoning. In the classic cyanide antidote kit, sodium nitrite and sodium thiosulfate are provided. injecting undetermined amounts of potassium cyanide and sodium arse- nite intravenously in a suicide attempt. Industries that use cyanide include metal extraction and refining, electroplating, photography and fumigation. It is important to know the unique mechanism of action of this poison as delay in treatment can have disastrous consequences to the patient. It is used in many chemical compounds including medications and can be found endogenously in plant and bacteria. Its toxicity was soon discovered by Scheele who, upon breaking the flask of his newly found fluid, was killed by the resulting vapours.Ĭyanide is a rapidly toxic agent that is found in liquid and gaseous form. Hydrogen cyanide was not isolated in a pure form until 1786 when Scheele extracted it from the dye Prussian blue.
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